The term ‘environment‘ means the conditions existing around an organism which include biotic elements such as microbes, plants, animals and large mammals, and abiotic elements such as land, water, air and all other lifeless elements which through their interaction create the necessary conditions for life. From a geographical point of view, environment refers to the four spheres of the earth, i.e. lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. The conditions created by the interaction of these four spheres is called an environment.
According to the geographer Peter Haggett, “environment is the outcome of interaction among land, water, air and life.”