Assam covers a total land area of 78,438 sq. km, which is about 2.4% of India’s total land area. According to the 2011 Census, Assam’s total population is 31.17 million (312.05 lakh), forming about 2.6% of India’s population. Of this, 159.39 lakh are males and 152.66 lakh are females.
The state had a population density of 42 persons per sq km in 1901, which increased to 398 persons per sq km in 2011, higher than the national average of 382. Nearly 85% of the population lives in the Brahmaputra Valley, where density of population is 470 persons per sq. km as per the 2011 data.