Environment consists of four components namely lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. There is close interdependence and interaction among these four components of the environment. In fact, they are interdependent on each other for their nature and existence. Different cycles of nature such as hydrological cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, energy cycle, etc. pass through all the four components. There is a close complex network of relationship among the various elements of these components.
Any change that occurs in any one of the major components affects the other three components of the environment. When atmosphere is affected by over radiation from the sun, it in turn affects the hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. It leads to the melting of snow which in turn causes a rise in the sea level bringing a lot of changes in the coastal regions of the earth’s surface. As a result, many regions of the lithosphere get submerged. Many of the microorganisms, flora and fauna that live on the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere perish as a result of this overheating of the atmosphere. Cutting down of trees of the lithosphere leads to overabundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leading to global warming which affects not only living organisms on the earth but also those of the oceans. Thus, it is evident that all the four components of the environment are closely connected and interdependent.